Science emerged as a result of the activities to meet the needs of human life, both physical needs and spiritual needs. The main objective is the development of science and technology change the future of human life better, easier, cheaper, faster and safer. Development of science and technology in Indonesia lags far and very poor compared to European countries and the United States as well even in Asian countries such as Japan and China. This is because:
Indonesia is still limited people who received western education, especially higher education.
Lack of willingness from the government and private companies in Indonesia to conduct technology experts
The absence of significant technological innovation within Indonesian society itself, science and technology in Indonesia began to develop which marked the Dangan colleges and research centers such as the Institute of Science (LIPI) and the assessment body and the application of technology (BPPT)
Positive impact of science and technology development :
1. Providing various facilities
Developments in science and technology can help human activity. Particularly those associated with industrial activities and telecommunications. However, the impact of science and technology development is also affected to a variety of things such as agricultural activities, which used to plow rice fields using traditional tools, are now using equipment mesin.sehingga planting activities can be carried out more quickly without time-consuming and did not really need the power much. This is a small example of the positive effect on the development of science and technology in assisting human activities in everyday life.
2. Facilitate the spread of information
Information is very important for us, where we will be without the versatile ketinggaln information. even more so when the various print and electronic media is growing rapidly. This forced us would not want to be and always get a variety of information. In the past, are very slow delivery of news events, it is in because the activity is still done traditionally either verbally or by using a letter. But now this kind of activity is nearly extinct, with the development of science and technology has changed everything, and we did not have to wait long to send or receive a message.
3. Increased knowledge and insight
Computers must include the type of highly sophisticated equipment, where only certain people who can afford it let alone use it. But along with the development of science and technology, electronic equipment such as computers, internet, and mobile phones (Hp) has been a mushrooming objects. Where not only certain people are able to use, even children can use it under umurpun. This is the positive influence the development of science and technology in the era of globalization of the knowledge and insights of our society.
Negative impact of science and technology development:
1. Affect patterns of thinking
Indonesian society is a society which is aggressive and curious and love with new things. Particularly with the various changes in various electronic equipment. But apparently these developments not only affect the child's thinking patterns, also have an impact on the mindset of adults and the elderly. What's more every day in the communities we serve with a variety of broadcasts that are less useful than electronic media sharing.
2. The loss of traditional culture
With the establishment of a variety of luxury buildings such as malls, hospitality etc, resulting in the loss of traditional culture in the trading activities that were once better known as a traditional market has now turned into a modern market. So is the association of children and adolescents who now leads to promiscuity.
3. Many cause various damage
Indonesia is known as a country rich in natural resources, but until recently, Indonesia is known as a country that is growing and growing who knows how long. And we also do not know when the term developing country is turning into developed countries. One example is a little more specific about a few years ago under the year 2004, the city of Pekanbaru is located in the province of Riau, better known as a city of "A Thousand Forests", but in a relatively short time, the term a thousand forests has now turned into more modern terms, the city of "A Thousand office" where in a short time, the development of construction in the city is very, very rapidly. Mulaialah standing industrial activities, Hospitality, Malls, and the multi-storey buildings and a residential stand-mana.akibatnya where traditional activities paralyzed, deforested so much cause various disasters such as floods, landslides and pollution occurs everywhere. This is the impact that had on our society thanks to the children and grandchildren.
Levels of technology based application can be divided as follows:
High technology (Hi - tech). A type of cutting-edge technology that was developed from the results of the application of the latest science. Eg computers, lasers, biotechnology, satellite communications and so on. Characteristic - characteristic of this technology is capital intensive, rasilitas supported research and development, high maintenance costs, high operator skill and the scientific user community.
Technology Associate. A kind of technology that can be developed and supported more community sederahan and can be used with the cost and usefulness of most profitable. Characteristics intermediate technology is not capital intensive and does not require too much new knowledge, as has been routine. The application of this technology is a semi-solid Maday capital and labor intensive, the elements - elements that support the industry can usually be obtained in the country and the skills of workers is not too high.
Appropriate Technology. This technology is characterized by small capital scale, the equipment used is simple and labor-intensive implementation. Usually done in countries - developing countries, as it can help the rural economy, reduce urbanization and technological tradition of creating the most simple level.
With the rapid progress of science and technology especially in the field of information technology and transportation technology that humans achieved in the second half unjung XX century, allowing the flow of information into a fast-paced: what and by whom of all the earth (even partially universe) - penetrate into all walks of life with whom she freely regardless of the recipient. Without knowing the limits of distance and time, country, race, economic class, ideology or other factors that may inhibit exchange ideas. The following will explain the influence of science and technology development of several social patterns.
Primary and Secondary needs.
Primary Fulfillment
1. Clothing
As a moral human beings need clothes, clothing jyang initially charged only to clothe her alone, then poakaian also serves as protect themselves from heat stroke sun and cold air. Now clothing memepunyai broader function is to create the kind of comfort that sesauai needs, such as work clothes, sleepwear, sportswear and so on, even now people assume that life can indicate social status. Increasing human needs also encourages people to create technology that can improve the quality and type of clothing material. Now humans are not only mengadalkkan natural fibers to make fabrics, but can also make sistentis fibers from wood subjects (benag rayon) and of minerals such as coal and refined petroleum (polyester, polypropylene, polictilen) .
2. Food
Food is a basic human needs for survival. The need for food continues to increase both the quality and kantitasnya, in line with population growth. Efforts to meet the food needs of the bias is done by extending, by expanding agricultural land, and the intensification by increasing quality through superior seed selection, cultivation of a better way, a more rigorous maintenance of plant and post-harvest management is more perfect.
Memeanfaatkan science and technology with the growing human being can create seeds with radiation techniques, genetic engineering and so on. The use of plant hormones that stimulate the growth of leaves, flowers or fruit is more dense and faster. The use of agricultural mechanism also helps people in preparing the land and harvest crops more quickly.
Besides the benefits obtained from the use of technologies for processing agricultural land, there are also negative effects to look out for, namely the use of toxic plant pest eradication. This plant pest poisons it can also kill animals cattle, poisoning crops and eventually poison the man himself.
3.Papan
In the future traditional houses are still very dependent on the materials around him. For example, in the mountains of the roof is made of palm fiber, in coastal areas the roof is made of sago palm leaves, and in areas rich with wood like Borneo people make with shingle roofs, bamboo memekai in Toraja, while in Nusa Tenggara using reeds.
In line with the increasing human need for shelter, especially in large cities, where land for the construction of the narrow house, the man tried to make a terraced house and use materials that are increasingly banguanan quality.
Function is also no longer house just to survive themselves from unfavorable weather and take shelter from wild animal attacks, but it is a residence that meets a sense of comfort and beauty.
Secondary Fulfillment
Secondary human needs arising after the primary needs are met, mainly due to human needs increasingly require a relationship with another man. Among other things needed indrustri to meet human needs in bulk, transportation necessary to transport goods from one area to another or necessary for human relationships from one area to another, the more health guaranteed, and so on.
1. Industry
Technology is the way it should be done in an attempt to meet human needs are increasing both quality and quantity, because it takes over tegnologi (transfer of technology) from developed countries to developing countries. The acquisition process requires a calculation that the new technology can be accepted and used by the public at that time (the technology adaktif). As well as protect its existing technology (protective technology).
Positively indrustri does provide great usability for humans, but a by-product in the form of waste indrustri can also cause nuisance to residents who reside around the industrial area.
2. Transportation
Invention of wheel transport plays an important role, because the wheels are round in shape may be required easy movement, then again can be facilitated by use towing beast, so that the human load is lighter. After discovery engine that can drive the wheels, then the transportation is not only lighter, but also much faster.
Along with the advances in this emerging field of transport is also negative impacts, such as pollution of the air by the number of motor vehicles, polluted oceans, polluted air and combustion olehh aircraft, whose numbers continue to grow every day.
3. The field of communication
As social human beings need to communicate with each other. The simplest way is to directly face to face, but if the distance is far away, it needed a means of communication.
Advances in the communications field with the discovery that still use wire telegraph by Samuel Morse (1832), later refined by marconi guighelmo already without wires (1895). In 1872, Abraham Alexander Bell invented the telephone plane, initially still using wire, then replaced with radio waves. For work, now people can use the telex (teleprinter exchange).
With the discovery of satellite telekomunikadi increasingly unmet human needs to make contact more quickly and cheaply. People more easily make contact with one another.
One positive result of the rapid advancement of communication is happening deurbanisasi, because although people living in rural areas are also no longer feel the lag when compared to those living in the city. Can also be said that with the advance of communication and other technologies, the villages became cities in terms of not geographical, but social engineering, so the debate between village and city increasingly small.
4. Health
Health care needs will increasingly be felt by humans, so the effort to combat the disease become increasingly viable source of harm done. With biology as a science of body structure is known, the organs and the workings of human organs to support life. Of biology as a pure science in developing an applied science that is practically useful for human welfare.
Meanwhile the number of humans on earth in large cities more and more, new diseases arose psikhis nature, such as mental confusion that can develop into frustrating. City life is hard, intolerant, while the man himself increasingly greedy and individual, the health disorder known as sress growing in society.
The role of science and technology on Economic, Social and Cultural
1. Economy
Problem needs primary, secondary, tertiary, and natural resource issues, in fact indirectly has raised the issue of the economy. Because as homo economicus, in all his actions, people always take into account the profit and loss, or in the language as a technique called positive and negative impacts.
Because the economy is a human need, then who can master the economy, he who holds the power. At the moment the main livelihood of people are still concerned about the land, people who hold kekuasaan.sedangkan feodallah when industry plays an important role in the economy of the capitalists yan gmemegang major role in the provision of all human needs. Now this has many capitalist industrialists to expand its business beyond its borders so-called multi-national corporation (MNC). Sometimes these multinational companies of the countries participating developing determining government policy. Such big companies might not develop without the support tiggi technology and large capital.
2. Social
With the development of industrial and economic activity, it allows people to live in the pekeerjaan field. This can be seen from the figures that show that workers in factories or companies continues to increase, while those working in the agricultural sector decline.
Social value also beruubah. In the past, people feel that being a civil servant is considered more tiggi social status compared to the traders or businessmen. Now become entrepreneurs or employees of the plant are considered as professionals who have a high status value.
3. Culture
Culture can be either three things or ideas, behavior or actions, and objects or goods produced by humans, so culture has a very broad sense.
As described above technology and industry have positive and negative impacts. Because the technology should be able to effectively combat poverty, underdevelopment, and guarantees for the human race. Humans also need to be aware that people create something not to destroy, but to the welfare of the people.
sumber :
http://ekochayoo84.blogspot.com/2011/11/perkembangan-iptek-didunia-saat.html
http://wantysastro.wordpress.com/
http://azenismail.wordpress.com/2010/05/14/manusia-sains-dan-teknologi/
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